A.
SIMPLE
PRESENT TENSE
a.
Pattern
1.
Positive
Subject + Verb1/es,s + Object
2.
Negative
Subject + don’t, doesn’t + Verb1 + Object
3.
Interrogative
Do,does + Subject + Verb1 + Object
b.
usage
1.
We use the simple present to express the idea that an action is
repeated or usual. The action can be a habit (every ... , twice, once, etc.),
a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often and always happens (in summer, winter, autumn,
spring and other seasons).
E.g. The train leaves at 9 PM (+)
The train doesn’t
leave at 9 PM (-)
Does the train leave
at 9 PM (?)
2.
We use the simple present when we say how often we do things. In
this case, an adverb indicating frequency in often used.
E.g. I always take a shower twice a day (+)
I don’t take a shower
twice a day (-)
Do I take a shower
twice a day (?)
B. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
a.
Pattern
1.
Positive
Subject + are, am, is + Verb-ing + Object
2.
Negative
Subject + are, am, is + not + Verb-ing + Object
3.
Interrogative
are, am, is + Subject + Verb-ing + Object
b.
Usage
1. We use
the present continuous tense to indicate that an action is in progress at this moment.
E.g.
•
Mom is not here, she is cooking noodle (+)
•
She is not cooking noodle right now (-)
•
Is she cooking noodle right now (?)
2. We
don’t use the present continuous tense with verbs that don’t express action. Common
non-action verbs include :
•
Verbs that refer to mental states : think,
understand, know, believe, doubt, mean, remember.
•
Verbs that refer to the use of the sense :
hear, see, feel, taste, smell.
•
Verbs that refer to emotional : love, hate,
adore, like, dislike, prefer, want, have, possess, belong to, need.
E.g. I am liking the game right now (incorrect)
I
like the game right now (correct)
3. Present
continuous tense berlaku juga untuk kalimat imperative (!)
E.g.
Listen ! I am explaining the lesson
C.
PRESENT
PERFECT TENSE
a.
Pattern
1.
Positive
Subject + have/has + Verb3 + Object
2.
Negative
Subject + have/has + not + Verb3 + Object
3.
Interrogative
Have/has + Subject + Verb3 + Object
b.
Usage
1.
When we use the present perfect tense,
there is a connection with the present.
E.g.
I have lost my bag (I haven’t got it now).
2.
We use the present perfect tense to say
that you have never done something during a period of time which continues up
to the present.
E.g.
I have never smoked
3.
We also use the present perfect tense to
talk about several di erent actions which have ocurred in the past at di
erent times.
E.g.
The army has attacked that city ve times.
4.
Present perfect tense is often used for,
since, just, already, yet, in the last ...
E.g.
He has already accomplised the assignment
I
have learned English since 12 years old (the time when the events started)
I
haven’t gone to Sumatera for 3 years (a period of time)
I
have seen the movie six times in the last month
Note : Last month and in the last month are di
erent, last month is past but in the last month is last month until now.
D.
PRESENT
PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
a.
Pattern
1. Positive
Subject
+ have/has + been + Verb-ing + Object
2. Negative
Subject
+ have/has + not + been + Verb-ing + Object
3. Interrogative
Have/has
+ Subject + been+Verb-ing + Object
b.
Usage
We use the present perfect
continuous tense to ask or say how long something has been happening. This time the action or situation began in the past and
is still happening or has just
stopped.
E.g.
Marimar has been waiting for Dony for over an hour
She
has been watching the movie since 2 o’clock
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